Dielectric porcelain composition and dielectric resonator using the composition

ABSTRACT

A dielectric porcelain composition includes MgTiO 3  and Mg 2 SiO 4  and satisfies a+b=1 and 0&lt;b&lt;1, wherein a denotes a molar ratio of MgTiO 3  and b denotes a molar ratio of Mg 2 SiO 4 . It can include MgTiO 3  and CaTiO 3  and satisfy a+c=1 and 0&lt;c≦0.15, wherein a has the same meaning as shown above and c denotes a molar ratio of CaTiO 3 . It can also include MgTiO 3 , Mg 2 SiO 4  and CaTiO 3  and satisfy a+b+c=1, 0&lt;b&lt;1 and 0&lt;c≦0.15, wherein a, b and c have the same meanings as shown above. These compositions can be manufactured, with the content of Mg 2 SiO 4 , the content of CatiO 3  and the contents of Mg 2 SiO 4  and CaTiO 3  adjusted, respectively. These compositions can be used as dielectric materials to manufacture dielectric resonators.

[0001] The present invention relates to a dielectric porcelain composition particularly excellent in characteristics at a millimeter-wave bandwidth region, a dielectric resonator using the composition, and a process for the manufacture of the composition and resonator capable of controlling the characteristics (relative permittivity εr and temperature coefficient τf).

DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART

[0002] While various dielectric materials have been known as dielectric materials for high frequency, magnesium titanate-based dielectric materials have been known as one of the materials having a relatively high Qf value. According to “Ceramics Engineering Handbook,” edited by Japan Ceramics Society and published by Gihodo, Vol. 1, p. 1885, May 30, 1993, MgTiO₃ that is a magnesium titanate-based dielectric material, has relative permittivity er of 17, a Qf value of 110000 GHz and temperature dependency of resonance frequency (temperature coefficient τf) of −45 ppm/K.

[0003] In addition, improvements in magnesium titanate-based materials have also been proposed. For example, JP-B SHO 61-14605 discloses a dielectric material obtained by sintering a material containing titanium dioxide and more than 1 mole and not more than 1.3 moles of magnesium oxide per mole of the titanium dioxide. As the characteristics of the dielectric material of the prior art, it is disclosed that the relative permittivity εr=17.3 and no load Qu=12000 (120000 GHz in terms of the Qf value) when MgO:TiO₂=1.2:1.

[0004] JP-A 2002-193662 discloses dielectric porcelain comprising a first crystal phase of at least one species consisting of MgTiO₃, CaTiO₃, Mg₂SiO₄ and BaTi₄O₉, a second crystal phase of at least one species consisting of Mg₂TiO₄, Mg₂B₂O₅ and Li₂TiSiO₅ and oxides of Si, B and Li, with the aim of materializing dielectric porcelain having a high Q value, with neither flexion nor distortion produced when being calcined together with a conductive material.

[0005] Though the technologies in the field of date communications have recently been developed conspicuously, the characteristics required for dielectric materials used for dielectric resonators or other such devices, including the aforementioned Qf value, tend to be diversified due to applications, frequency bandwidths and the like.

[0006] In consideration of an application particularly as a resonator material, it is required from a standpoint of ready design to develop dielectric materials having relative permittivity εr low to a certain extent as one of the characteristics of dielectric materials for submillimeter-wave and millimeter-wave regions. Since the dimension of a resonance phenomenon is directly proportionate to ε^(−1/2) when the dielectric constant is defined as ε, when a material having high relative permittivity is used, the dimension of a resonator has to be extremely small with an increasing frequency. In order to make it easy to design a resonator, it is demanded to develop a dielectric material having appropriate relative permittivity εr taking the entire dimension and workability into consideration.

[0007] When the dielectric material is used for a resonator, it is generally noted that the temperature coefficient τf is desirably as small as possible. It is further preferable in view of the temperature coefficient of the peripheral parts and other such surrounding parts that the temperature coefficient be set at an optional value to a certain extent.

[0008] From these viewpoints, the prior art technologies, such as those disclosed by JP-B SHO 61-14605 and JP-A 2002-193662, for example, pay principal attention to an improvement in the Qf value and Q value, with relative permittivity εr and temperature coefficient τf taken little into consideration.

[0009] In the materials available on the market, which have small relative permittivity εr and small temperature coefficient τf, the former is about 12.6 and the latter is about −10 ppm/K. These values do not necessarily suffice.

[0010] The present invention has been proposed in view of the state of the conventional affairs.

[0011] One object of the present invention is to provide a dielectric porcelain composition and a dielectric resonator using the composition, in which the relative permittivity εr can be adjusted to a relatively small value, and it is made possible to readily design submillimiter-wave resonators and millimeter-wave resonators, for example.

[0012] Another object of the present invention is to provide a dielectric porcelain composition and a dielectric resonator using the composition, in which the temperature coefficient τf can be made small as much as possible and slightly adjusted in accordance with the surrounding circumstances and the like.

[0013] Still another object of the present invention is to provide a dielectric porcelain composition and a dielectric resonator using the composition, in which the relative permittivity εr has been adjusted to a small value to a certain extent and the temperature coefficient τf has been adjusted to the vicinity of zero.

[0014] Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a process for optionally adjusting the characteristics (relative permittivity εr and temperature coefficient τf) of a dielectric porcelain composition.

[0015] The present inventors have keenly continued their studies over a long period of time in order to attain the objects mentioned above. As a result, they have found that addition of Mg₂SiO₄ to MgTiO₃ enables the relative permittivity εr to be freely adjusted in accordance with the content of Mg₂SiO₄, with the temperature coefficient τf varied little, and also to be set optimum in submillimeter-wave or millimeter-wave bandwidth regions and that addition of CaTiO₃ to MgTiO₃ enables the temperature coefficient τf to be set optional in the vicinity of zero in accordance with the content of CaTiO₃, with the relative permittivity εr not so much varied. The present invention has been perfected based on these findings.

[0016] According to one aspect of the present invention, a dielectric porcelain composition comprising MgTiO₃ and Mg₂SiO₄ is characterised in that the composition satisfies a+b=1 and 0<b<1, wherein a denotes a molar ratio of MgTiO₃ and b denotes a molar ratio of Mg₂SiO₄; a dielectric porcelain composition comprising MgTiO₃ and CaTiO₃ is characterised in that the composition satisfies a+c=1 and 0<c≦0.15, wherein a denotes a molar ratio MgTiO₃ of and c denotes a molar ratio of CaTiO₃; or a dielectric porcelain composition comprising MgTiO₃, Mg₂SiO₄ and CaTiO₃ is characterised in that the composition satisfies a+b+c=1, 0<b<1 and 0<c≦0.15, wherein a denotes a molar ratio of MgTiO₃, b denotes a molar ratio of Mg₂SiO₄ and c denotes a molar ratio of CaTiO₃.

[0017] In the dielectric porcelain compositions, relative permittivity εr and temperature coefficient τf can be obtained at optional values, respectively, in the range of 6.8 to 18 and in the range of −55 to +55 ppm/K. There can be realized a dielectric porcelain composition having relative permittivity εr in the vicinity of 10 and temperature coefficient τf in the vicinity of zero, for example.

[0018] The dielectric porcelain composition can be used as a dielectric material for dielectric resonators, such as submillimeter-wave resonators and millimeter-wave resonators. Therefore, the dielectric resonator of the present invention uses the dielectric porcelain composition as its resonator material.

[0019] As described above, the addition of Mg₂SiO₄ to MgTiO₃ enables the relative permittivity εr to be freely adjusted in accordance with the content of Mg₂SiO₄, and the addition of CaTiO₃ to MgTiO₃ enables the temperature coefficient τf to be set optional in the vicinity of zero in accordance with the content of CaTiO₃. In view of these, the adjustment of the contents of these components enables adjustment of the characteristics of a dielectric porcelain composition to be obtained.

[0020] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a manufacturing process for the dielectric porcelain composition, which can control the characteristics of the composition. Specifically, the contents of Mg₂SiO₄ and CaTiO₃ are adjusted respectively within predetermined ranges to adjust the relative permittivity εr and temperature coefficient τf.

[0021] The above and other objects, characteristic features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the description to be give herein below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0022]FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing one example of a manufacturing process for a dielectric porcelain composition according to the present invention,

[0023]FIG. 2 is an X-ray diffraction chart of 0.6MgTiO₃-0.4Mg₂SiO₄,

[0024]FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between Mg₂SiO₄ content and the relative permittivity εr in a system of MgTiO₃—Mg₂SiO₄,

[0025]FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between Mg₂SiO₄ content and the temperature coefficient τf in the MgTiO₃—Mg₂SiO₄ system,

[0026]FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the cacining temperature and the relative density in the MgTiO₃—Mg₂SiO₄ system,

[0027]FIG. 6 is an X-ray diffraction chart of 0.91MgTiO₃-0.09CaTiO₃,

[0028]FIG. 7 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between CaTiO₃ content and the relative permittivity εr in a system of MgTiO₃—CaTiO₃,

[0029]FIG. 8 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between CaTiO₃ content and the temperature coefficient τf in the MgTiO₃—CaTiO₃ system,

[0030]FIG. 9 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the calcining temperature and the relative density in the MgTiO₃—CaTiO₃ system,

[0031]FIG. 10 is an X-ray diffraction chart of 0.2275MgTiO₃-0.6825Mg₂SiO₄-0.09CaTiO₃,

[0032]FIG. 11 is a characteristic diagram showing the results of relative permittivity εr measured in a system of MgTiO₃—Mg₂SiO₄—CaTiO₃, with 0.05 mol of CaTiO₃ fixed and with the Mg₂SiO₄ substitution amount varied,

[0033]FIG. 12 is a characteristic diagram showing the results of temperature coefficient τf measured in the MgTiO₃—Mg₂SiO₄—CaTiO₃ system, with 0.05 mol of CaTiO₃ fixed and with the Mg₂SiO₄ substitution amount varied,

[0034]FIG. 13 is a characteristic diagram showing the results of relative density measured in the MgTiO₃—Mg₂SiO₄—CaTiO₃ system, with 0.05 mol of CaTiO₃ fixed and with the Mg₂SiO₄ substitution amount varied,

[0035]FIG. 14 is a characteristic diagram showing the results of relative permittivity εr measured in a system of MgTiO₃—Mg₂SiO₄—CaTiO₃, with MgTiO₃:Mg₂SiO₄ fixed to 1:3 and with the CaTiO₃ substitution amount varied,

[0036]FIG. 15 is a characteristic diagram showing the results of temperature coefficient τf measured in the MgTiO₃—Mg₂SiO₄—CaTiO₃ system, with MgTiO₃:Mg₂SiO₄ fixed to 1:3 and with the CaTiO₃ substitution amount varied, and

[0037]FIG. 16 is a characteristic diagram showing the results of relative density measured in the MgTiO₃—Mg₂SiO₄—CaTiO₃ system, with MgTiO₃:Mg₂SiO₄ fixed to 1:3 and with the CaTiO₃ substitution amount varied.

[0038] The dielectric porcelain composition, dielectric resonator using the composition and manufacturing process for the composition according to the present invention will be described hereinafter in detail.

[0039] The dielectric porcelain composition of the present invention comprises magnesium titanate MaTiO₃ added with either one or both of Mg₂SiO₄ and CaTiO₃.

[0040] Though MaTiO₃ has excellent characteristics that include a high Qf value, it exhibits slightly high relative permittivity εr of about 18.2 and large temperature coefficient τf of −57 ppm/K. In view of this, added to MaTiO₃ in the present invention are Mg₂SiO₄ to improve the relative permittivity εr and CaTiO₃ to improve the temperature coefficient τf.

[0041] When Mg₂SiO₄ is added to MaTiO₃, the relative permittivity εr decreases substantially in proportion to the content of Mg₂SiO₄, whereas the temperature coefficient τf varies little. On the other hand, when CaTiO₃ is added to MaTiO₃, the temperature coefficient τf shifts gradually from the minus side to the plus side, whereas the relative permittivity εr arises little. For these reasons, the relative permittivity εr and temperature coefficient τf can independently be controlled depending on the contents of Mg₂SiO₄ and CaTiO₃.

[0042] From these standpoints, Mg₂SiO₄ or CaTiO₃ is added to MaTiO₃. It is preferable that the content of Mg₂SiO₄ should satisfy that a+b=1 and that 0<b<1, wherein a denotes the molar ratio of MgTiO₃ and b denotes the molar ratio of Mg₂SiO₄. Controlling the content of Mg₂SiO₄ optionally to satisfy these enables the relative permittivity εr to be freely controlled to a value lower than that MaTiO₃ has, e.g. in the range of 6.8 to 18. However, when the relative permittivity εr is to be set at a value suitable for use in submillimeter-wave and millimeter-wave regions, e.g. a value of not more than 12, the b is more preferably defined as 0.5≦b<1.

[0043] In the case of CaTiO₃ added to MaTiO₃, it is preferable that the content thereof should satisfy that a+c=1 and that 0<c≦0.15, wherein a denotes a molar ratio of MgTiO₃ and c denotes a molar ratio of CaTiO₃. Controlling the content of CaTiO₃ optionally to satisfy these enables the temperature coefficient τf to be freely controlled to a value in the range of −55 to +55 ppm/K. In order to control the temperature coefficient τf to be as close as zero, i.e. around 30 ppm/K, however, the c is more preferably defined as 0.03≦c≦0.08.

[0044] When both Mg₂SiO₄ and CaTiO₃ are added to MaTiO₃, the contents thereof may be adjusted to respectively suitable amounts to satisfy that a+b+c=1, that 0<b<1 and that 0<c≦0.15, wherein a denotes a molar ratio of MgTiO₃, b denotes a molar ratio of Mg₂SiO₄ and c denotes a molar ratio of CaTiO₃.

[0045] In order to control the relative permittivity εr to be a value suitable for use in submillimeter-wave and millimeter-wave regions, e.g. a value of not more than 12, and the temperature coefficient τf to be as close as zero, the contents of Mg₂SiO₄ and CaTiO₃ may be adjusted as mentioned above. Though their respective optimum values are slightly different from the defined values, the more preferably ranges are 0.5≦b<1 and 0.05≦c≦0.09, respectively.

[0046] It is noted that since it is clear from the X-ray diffraction that the respective components of the dielectric porcelain composition exist respectively in the form of MgTiO₃, Mg₂SiO₄ and CatiO₃ and that the matrix thereof is a crystal phase having the three components combined, the composition is to be represented by their ratios in mol.

[0047] Based on the above, by controlling the ratios of the respective components, a dielectric porcelain composition exhibiting the relative permittviity εr of 10.86, temperature coefficient τf of −2.7 ppm/K and Qf value of 74000 GHz can be materialised.

[0048] The manufacturing process for the dielectric porcelain composition according to the present invention will be described herein below. The flow chart thereof adopted by the present invention is as shown in FIG. 1.

[0049] In the manufacturing process of the present invention, MgO, TiO₂, CaCO₃ and SiO₂ are used as raw materials, for example. While the respective components are mixed in accordance with their respectively desired characteristics, since the prepared composition is reflected substantially as it is by the composition of the dielectric porcelain composition, the raw material components are mixed so that the prepared composition and the composition of the dielectric porcelain composition can have the relationship of 1:1.

[0050] The process of manufacturing the dielectric porcelain composition will be described. The raw materials, MgO, TiO₂, CaCO₃ and SiO₂, are mixed at a mixing process 1 to obtain a mixture. The mixture is subjected to a drying process 2 and a shaping process 3 and preliminarily calcined at a cacining process 4. The preliminary calcining is performed in order for the reaction of the raw materials to proceed to a certain extent and generally at a temperature slightly lower than that used in the sintering.

[0051] The preliminarily calcined product is milled at a milling process 5 and then dried at a drying process 6. The dried product is granulated at a granulating process 7. In the granulating process, a binder is mingled with the dried product. Though any optional binder can be used, polyvinyl alcohol or the like can advantageously be used, for example.

[0052] The granulated product is shaped into a desired shape at a shaping process 8 and sintered at a sintering process 9. The sintering temperature used at the sintering process is adjusted in the range of 1250° C. to 1500° C., for example. The optimum sintering temperature is made slightly different depending on the raw materials for the dielectric porcelain composition. When manufacturing a dielectric porcelain composition comprising MgTiO₃ and Mg₂SiO₄, the sintering temperature of not less than 1300° C. is preferred. In this case, when the sintering temperature is less than 1300° C., the Qf value will be lowered and the relative density will also be lowered. In the case of a dielectric porcelain composition comprising MgTiO₃ and CaTiO₃, it is preferable to use the sintering temperature of not less than 1250° C. When it is less than 1250° C., both the Qf value and the relative density are lowered similarly to the case mentioned above. When a dielectric porcelain composition comprising MgTiO₃, Mg₂SiO₄ and CaTiO₃ is to be manufactured, the sintering temperature of not less than 1300° C. is preferable. By setting the sintering temperature within the aforementioned range, the Qf value and relative density can be maintained at high levels, respectively.

[0053] In the manufacturing process, MgO, TiO₂, CaCO₃ and SiO₂ are used as the raw materials. However, this is by no means limitative. For example, MgTiO₃, Mg₂SiO₄ and CaTiO₃ can be prepared in advance at their predetermined ratios and used in the manufacturing process.

[0054] The dielectric porcelain composition can be used at the frequency bandwidths of submillimeter-waves and millimeter-waves, e.g. 30 to 300 GHz. The frequency bandwidths include that of a radar for automobiles (using the frequency of 77 GHz:38.5 GHz multiplied by 2).

[0055] Therefore, the dielectric porcelain composition of the present invention can be used as a material for resonators used in the submillimeter-wave and millimeter-wave regions and a substrate material for MIC dielectrics, and for dielectric waveguides, dielectric antennas, impedance matching of various kinds of millimeter-wave circuits and other such electronic parts. It can suitably be used for dielectric resonators.

[0056] The present invention will be described based on concrete experimental results.

[0057] Samples of a dielectric porcelain composiition were produced in accordance with the following procedure.

[0058] MgO, TiO₂, CaCO₃ and SiO₂ were weighed so that these raw materials had a predetermined mixing ratio and then mixed with a ball mill for 16 hours. The mixture obtained was dried at 120° C. for 24 hours and then shaped under a shaping pressure of 200 kgf/cm² into a disc 60 mm in diameter.

[0059] The disc was preliminarily calcined at 1100° C. for 2 hours, then milled for 16 hours using the ball mill and dried at 120° C. for 24 hours. The dried product was granulated, with 1% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol added thereto, and shaped under a shaping pressure of 2000 kgf/cm² into a 12 mm-diameter.

[0060] Finally, the shaped product was principally calcined to obtain dielectric porcelain composition samples.

[0061] In accordance with the process of producing the dielectric porcelain composition samples, MgTiO₃ and Mg₂SiO₄ used as raw materials were mixed so that b is in the range of 0 to 1, provided that a+b=1, when the molar ratio of MgTiO₃ was defined as a and the molar ratio of Mg₂SiO₄ was defined as b. The mixture was sintered at a temperature of 1250° C. to 1500° C. to obtain various samples.

[0062] A sample of 0.6MgTiO₃-0.4Mg₂SiO₄, wherein a=0.6 and b=0.4, was measured using an X-ray diffraction apparatus. The results of measurement are shown in FIG. 2. It can be observed from the X-ray diffraction chart that there exist peaks resulting respectively from MgTiO₃ and Mg₂SiO₄, from which it is found that the sample comprises a mixed crystal of MgTiO₃ and Mg₂SiO₄.

[0063] The relative permittivity εr and temperature coefficient τf of each sample were measured in accordance with the “Method of Testing Dielectric Characteristics of Fine Ceramics for Microwaves” of the Japanese Industrial Standards (IS R 1627). The results of relative permittivity εr measurement are shown in FIG. 3 and Table 1 below, and the results of temperature coefficient τf measurement are shown in FIG. 4 and Table 2 below. TABLE 1 Molar ratio Relative Relative Relative Relative Relative b of permittivity permittivity permittivity permittivity permittivity Mg₂SiO₄ εr at 1300° C. εr at 1350° C. εr at 1400° C. εr at 1450° C. εr at 1500° C. 0.0 17.90 18.16 18.24 18.17 18.22 0.1 16.05 16.33 16.36 16.24 16.07 0.2 14.06 14.61 14.67 14.64 14.41 0.4 11.23 11.88 11.99 11.93 11.84 0.5 10.25 10.53 10.64 10.63 10.62 0.6 9.54 9.59 9.65 9.67 9.69 0.8 7.93 7.99 8.08 8.14 8.16 0.9 7.26 7.41 7.45 7.47 7.49 1.0 6.55 6.89 6.98 6.99 6.91

[0064] TABLE 2 Molar ratio b Temperature coefficient of Mg₂SiO₄ τf at 1450° C. (ppm/K) 0.0 −57.6 0.1 −52.1 0.2 −58.0 0.4 −60.3 0.5 −62.1 0.6 −62.8 0.8 −63.1 0.9 −64.0 1.0 −65.3

[0065] As is clear from FIG. 3 and Table 1 above, it is found that the relative permittivity εr gradually decreases in proportion as the Mg₂SiO₄ content increases. As shown in FIG. 4 and Table 2 above, it is found that the temperature coefficient τf varies little even when the Mg₂SiO₄ content varies.

[0066] This means that controlling the Mg₂SiO₄ content enables the relative permittivity εr to be controlled without affecting the other characteristic (temperature coefficient τf). Particularly when the molar ratio b of Mg₂SiO₄ is set to be 0.5 or more, the relative permittivity εr of 12 or less can be materialised.

[0067] The relative density of each sample produced was also measured. The results of measurement are shown in FIG. 5 and Table 3 below. As is clear from FIG. 5 and Table 3, while the relative density shows a slight drop at 1300° C., it varies little at a temperature of more than 1300° C. Desired relative density could not be obtained when the calcining temperature was 1200° C. or less (not shown). Therefore, when Mg₂SiO₄ is used to control the relative permittivity εr, it can be said that the calcining temperature is preferably set to be 1300° C. or more. TABLE 3 Relative Relative Relative Relative Relative Molar density density density density density ratio b of (%) at (%) at (%) at (%) at (%) at Mg₂SiO₄ 1300° C. 1350° C. 1400° C. 1450° C. 1500° C. 0.0 97.5 98.4 99.0 98.7 98.6 0.1 97.6 98.6 98.6 98.0 97.6 0.2 95.5 97.7 98.2 97.8 97.1 0.4 93.5 96.9 97.4 97.3 96.8 0.5 92.9 96.3 97.9 97.2 97.1 0.6 92.5 95.6 98.2 97.0 96.9 0.8 91.5 94.8 97.6 97.0 96.9 0.9 90.9 94.0 97.6 96.9 97.8 1.0 90.2 92.3 97.8 97.1 97.5

[0068] In accordance with the process of producing the dielectric porcelain composition samples, MgTiO₃ and CaTiO₃ used as raw materials were mixed so that c is in the range of 0 to 0.09, provided that a+c=1, when the molar ratio of MgTiO₃ was defined as a and the molar ratio of CaTiO₃ was defined as c. The mixture was principally calcined at a temperature of 1300° C. to obtain various samples.

[0069] In FIG. 6, shown are measurement results of a sample of 0.91MgTiO₃-0.09CaTiO₃, wherein a=0.91 and c=0.09, measured using an X-ray diffraction apparatus. It can be observed from the X-ray diffraction chart that there exist peaks resulting respectively from MgTiO₃ and CaTiO₃, from which it is found that the sample comprises a mixed crystal of MgTiO₃ and CaTiO₃.

[0070] The relative permittivity εr and temperature coefficient τf of each sample were measured in accordance with the “Method of Testing Dielectric Characteristics of Fine Ceramics for Microwaves” of the Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS R 1627). The results of relative permittivity εr measurement are shown in FIG. 7 and Table 4 below, and the results of temperature coefficient τf measurement are shown in FIG. 8 and Table 5 below. TABLE 4 Relative Relative Relative Relative Relative Molar ratio permittivity permittivity permittivity permittivity permittivity c of CaTiO₃ εr at 1250° C. εr at 1300° C. εr at 1350° C. εr at 1400° C. εr at 1450° C. 0.00 17.80 17.90 18.16 18.24 18.17 0.05 19.80 19.94 20.08 20.51 20.47 0.07 21.22 21.45 21.70 21.98 22.02 0.09 22.82 22.98 23.27 23.52 23.41

[0071] TABLE 5 Molar ratio c Temperature coefficient of CaTiO₃ τf at 1300° C. (ppm/K) 0.00 −57.6 0.05 −8.6 0.07 18.7 0.09 48.3

[0072] As is clear from FIG. 8 and Table 5 above, it is found that the temperature coefficient τf gradually varies in proportion as the CaTiO₃ content increases. When the molar ratio c of CaTiO₃ is around 0.06, the temperature coefficient τf becomes substantially zero, and shifts to the minus side when the ratio is smaller than 0.06 and to the plus side when the ratio is larger than 006. On the other hand, the relative permittivity εr does not vary so much even when the CaTiO₃ content varies, as shown in FIG. 7 and Table 4 above. This means that controlling the CaTiO₃ content enables the temperature coefficient if to be independently controlled. Particularly when the molar ratio c of CaTiO₃ is set to be in the range of 0.03 to 0.08, the temperature coefficient τf can be controlled in the range of ±30 ppm/K.

[0073] The relative density of each sample produced was also measured. The results of measurement are shown in FIG. 9 and Table 6 below. As is clear from FIG. 9 and Table 6, the relative density shows a level not giving rise to any problem when the temperature is 1250° C. or more. Therefore, when CaTiO₃ is used to control the temperature coefficient τf, it can be said that the cacining temperature is preferably set to be 1250° C. or more. TABLE 6 Relative Relative Relative Relative Relative density density density density density Molar ratio (%) at (%) at (%) at (%) at (%) at c of CaTiO₃ 1250° C. 1300° C. 1350° C. 1400° C. 1450° C. 0.00 97.0 97.5 98.4 99.0 98.7 0.05 95.6 96.4 96.8 98.1 98.2 0.07 96.2 96.8 97.7 98.8 99.1 0.09 96.8 97.9 98.3 99.2 99.1

[0074] In accordance with the process of producing the dielectric porcelain composition samples, samples each comprising MgTiO₃, Mg₂SiO₄ and CaTiO₃ were produced.

[0075]FIG. 10 shows measurement results of a sample of 0.2275MgTiO₃-0.6825Mg₂SiO₄-0.09CaTiO₃, wherein a=0.2275, b=0.6825 and c=0.09, measured using an X-ray diffraction apparatus. It can be observed from the X-ray diffraction chart that there exist peaks resulting respectively from MgTiO₃, Mg₂SiO₄ and CaTiO₃, from which it is found that the sample comprises a mixed crystal of MgTiO₃, Mg₂SiO₄ and CaTiO₃.

[0076] In a system of MgTiO₃—Mg₂SiO₄—CaTiO₃, various samples were prepared, with 0.05 mol of CaTiO₃ fixed (c=0.05) and with the Mg₂SiO₄ substitution amount varied. In this case, the results of relative permittivity εr measured are shown in FIG. 11 and Table 7 below, the results of temperature coefficient τf measured in FIG. 12 and Table 8 below, and the relative density measured in FIG. 13 and Table 9 below. TABLE 7 Molar Relative Relative Relative ratio b permittivity εr at permittivity εr at permittivity εr at of Mg₂SiO₄ 1300° C. 1350° C. 1400° C. 0.0000 19.94 20.08 20.51 0.2375 15.41 15.24 14.57 0.4750 11.85 11.31 11.25 0.7125 9.46 9.42 9.43 0.9500 7.60 7.83 7.48

[0077] TABLE 8 Molar ratio b Temperature coefficient of Mg₂SiO₄ τf at 1300° C. (ppm/K) 0.0000 −8.6 0.2375 −21.1 0.4750 −30.5 0.7125 −40.6 0.9500 −44.7

[0078] TABLE 9 Molar ratio b Relative density Relative density Relative density of Mg₂SiO₄ (%) at 1300° C. (%) at 1350° C. (%) at 1400° C. 0.0000 96.4 96.8 98.1 0.2375 96.9 96.7 94.7 0.4750 96.2 93.8 92.3 0.7125 97.1 96.0 95.9 0.9500 96.1 98.3 96.5

[0079] In the MgTiO₃—Mg₂SiO₄—CaTiO₃ system, various samples were produced, with MgTiO₃:Mg₂SiO₄ fixed to 1:3 and with the CaTiO₃ substitution amount varied. In this case, the results of relative permittivity εr measured are shown in FIG. 14 and Table 10 below, the results of temperature coefficient τf measured in FIG. 15 and Table 11 below, and the relative density measured in FIG. 16 and Table 12 below. TABLE 10 Relative Relative Relative Molar ratio c permittivity εr at permittivity εr at permittivity εr at 1 of CaTiO₃ 1300° C. 1350° C. 400° C. 0.00 8.43 8.45 0.05 9.46 9.42 9.43 0.07 10.01 9.91 9.95 0.09 10.70 10.86 10.84

[0080] TABLE 11 Molar ratio c Temperature coefficient of CaTiO₃ τf at 1350° C. (ppm/K) 0.00 −62.0 0.05 −40.6 0.07 −27.3 0.09 −2.9

[0081] TABLE 12 Molar ratio c Relative density Relative density Relative density of CaTiO₃ (%) at 1300° C. (%) at 1350° C. (%) at 1400° C. 0.00 95.8 96.7 0.05 97.1 96.0 95.9 0.07 96.5 95.8 95.6 0.09 95.5 97.4 96.6

[0082] As is clear from these Figures and Tables, also in the three-element system, it is possible to control the relative permittivity εr through adjustment of the Mg₂SiO₄ content and control the temperature coefficient τf through adjustment of the CaTiO₃ content. In the composition of 0.2275MgTiO₃-0.6825Mg₂SiO₄-0.09CaTiO₃ prepared with the aim that the relative permittivity εr=10 and that the temperature coefficient τf=0, it was found that the relative permittivity εr=10.86 and that the temperature coefficient τf=−2.7 ppm/K.

[0083] In addition, upon considering the relative density of each sample produced, it was found from FIGS. 13 and 16 and Tables 9 and 12 that good results could be obtained when the calcining temperature was 1300° C. or more.

[0084] As is clear from the foregoing description, according to the present invention, the relative permittivity εr and temperature coefficient τf can be controlled to enable provision of a dielectric porcelain composition with the relative permittivity εr suitable for submillimeter-wave and millimeter-wave regions and the temperatue coefficient τf controlled to a value in the vicinity of 0.

[0085] Also according to the present invention, using the dielectric porcelain composition as a dielectric material enables provision of a dielectric resonator usable in the submillimeter-wave and millimeter-wave bandwidth regions. In the dielectric resonator, since the dielectric porcelain composition exhibits appropriate relative permittivity εr, the dimensional tolerance can be alleviated to make it easy to design a dielectric resonator when being fabricated. Furthermore, the temperature coefficient can also be controlled in compliance with the temperature coefficient of the surrounding parts and the like.

[0086] The present disclosure relates to subject matter contained in Japanese Patent Application Nos. 2003-071545, filed on Mar. 17, 2003, the contents of which are herein expressly incorporated by reference in its entirety. 

1. A dielectric porcelain composition comprising MgTiO₃ and Mg₂SiO₄, charaterised in that the composition satisfies a+b=1 and 0<b<1, wherein a denotes a molar ratio of MgTiO₃ and b denotes a molar ratio of Mg₂SiO₄.
 2. The composition according to claim 1, characterised in that the molar ration b is defined as 0.5≦b<1
 3. The composition according to claim 1, characterised in that the composition is a dielectric porcelain composition calcined at a temperature of not less than 1300° C.
 4. A dielectric porcelain composition comprising MgTiO₃ and CaTiO₃, characterised in that the composition satisfies a+c=1 and 0<c≦0.15, wherein a denotes a molar ratio of MgTiO₃ and c denotes a molar ratio of CaTiO₃.
 5. The composition according to claim 4, characterised in that the molar ratio c is defined as 0.03≦c≦0.08.
 6. The composition according to claim 4, characterised in that the composition is a dielectric porcelain composition calcined at a temperature of not less than 1250° C.
 7. A dielectric porcelain composition comprising MgTiO₃, Mg₂SiO₄ and CaTiO₃, characterised in that the composition satisfies a+b+c=1, 0<b<1 and 0<c≦0.15, wherein a denotes a molar ratio of MgTiO₃, b denotes a molar ratio of Mg₂SiO₄ and c denotes a molar ratio of CaTiO₃.
 8. The composition according to claim 7, characterised in that the molar ratio b is defined as 0.5≦b<1 and the molar ratio c is defined as 0.05≦c≦0.09.
 9. The composition according to claim 7, characterised in that the composition is a dielectric porcelain composition calcined at a temperature of not less than 1300° C.
 10. A dielectric resonator using as a dielectric material a dielectric porcelain composition comprising MgTiO₃ and Mg₂SiO₄ and satisfying a+b=1 and 0<b<1, wherein a denotes a molar ratio of MgTiO₃ and b denotes a molar ratio of Mg₂SiO₄.
 11. A dielectric resonator, characterised in that it uses as a dielectric material a dielectric porcelain composition that comprises MgTiO₃ and CaTiO₃ and satisfies a+c=1 and 0<c≦0.15, wherein a denotes a molar ratio of MgTiO₃ and c denotes a molar ratio of CaTiO₃.
 12. A dielectric resonator characterised in that it uses as a dielectric material a dielectric porcelain composition that comprises MgTiO₃, Mg₂SiO₄ and CaTiO₃ and satisfies a+b+c=1, 0<b<1 and 0<c≦0.15, wherein a denotes a molar ratio of MgTiO₃, b denotes a molar ratio of Mg₂SiO₄ and c denotes a molar ratio of CaTiO₃.
 13. A manufacturing process for a dielectric porcelain composition that comprises MgTiO₃ and Mg₂SiO₄, characterised in that it comprises a step of adjusting a content of Mg₂SiO₄ to satisfy a+b=1 and 0<b<1, wherein a denotes a molar ratio of MgTiO₃ and b denotes a molar ratio of Mg₂SiO₄, thereby adjusting relative permittivity εr.
 14. A manufacturing process for a dielectric porcelain composition that comprises MgTiO₃ and CaTiO₃, characterised in that it comprises a step of adjusting a content of CaTiO₃ to satisfy a+c=1 and 0<c≦0.15, wherein a denotes a molar ratio of MgTiO₃ and c denotes a molar ratio of CaTiO₃, thereby adjusting temperature coefficient τf.
 15. A manufacturing process for a dielectric porcelain composition that comprises MgTiO₃, Mg₂SiO₄ and CaTiO₃, characterised in that it comprises a step of adjusting respective contents of Mg₂SiO₄ and CaTiO₃ to satisfy a+b+c=1, 0<b<1 and 0<c≦0.15, wherein a denotes a molar ratio of MgTiO₃, b denotes a molar ratio of Mg₂SiO₄ and c denotes a molar ratio of CaTiO₃, thereby adjusting relative permittivity εr and temperature coefficient τf. 